This appendix covers all the HTML elements (or tags) supported by the current version of Internet Explorer (3.0 beta 1). This appendix is loosely based on the HTML 3.2 Standard and the Internet Explorer 3.0 documentation available with the Internet Software Development Kit (SDK). Examples demonstrating the syntax of the HTML tags are shown at the end of each section. Several of the elements are standard HTML, while others are not and may change considerably in subsequent versions of Internet Explorer.
The appendix is organized into four major sections. The first contains elements that are used with the header portion of an HTML page. The second section contains elements that are used with the body portion of an HTML page; the third section contains miscellaneous tags and a brief glossary on HTML terminology. The final section contains a full list of supported color names used by Internet Explorer. Special sections are given to client-side image maps, lists, frames, tables, forms, and objects since they contain several sub-attributes and elements.
The <HEAD> tag is what specifies the header portion of the document. It is within the <HEAD> tags that all the information describing the document should be placed. A header should exist if you plan to give your document a title, using external style sheets, or incorporating other bits of miscellaneous information that doesn't relate to the content of the page.
The New HTML 3.2 Standard implies that the header section does not necessarily have to exist for header information, scripts, and style formats.
<HEAD>...</HEAD>
None.
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is the title of the document and appears in the
[ccc] title. bar...</TITLE>
</HEAD>
The <LINK> tag provides information about what references or what is referenced by an HTML document, in terms of information that is not usually included in the document. The <LINK> tag is treated very loosely in these cases and there can be several possible attributes for this tag. The major purpose for the LINK element in Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 is for style sheet purposes and possibly for Visual Basic Script. Use of the <LINK> tag with style sheets is covered in the Style Sheets section (see Chapter 2, "Review of HTML"). The <LINK> tag does not have a closing tag.
<LINK>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| REL |  |
Specifies a relationship to the document, for instance the value, Made, would relate to the person who made the document. |
| REV | |
Specifies a reverse relationship, something that references the document the link tag is in. This is not commonly used. |
| TITLE | Specifies a title of the item the link references or is referenced by. | |
| HREF | |
Specifies a URL for the referenced or referencing item. |
| TYPE | |
Specifies what MIME type the referencing or referenced item is. In the case of style sheets, this would be, style/css. |
<LINK REL="style" TYPE="text/css" HREF="http://www.styles.org/formal.css">
The <META> tag allows meta-information to exist in the document. Special information that further describes the document can be included as well.
<META>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| HTTP-EQUIV | |
Specifies what function or task to perform on the document. Internet Explorer has only one value for this: "refresh". |
| TYPE | Specifies what the purpose of the meta information. | |
| CONTENT | Specifies the CONTENT of HTTP-EQUIV, or TYPE. |
The value, "refresh", for the HTTP-EQUIV attribute implies that the document should be refreshed after the amount of time specified by the VALUE attribute. Additionally, the VALUE attribute can specify another URL to load after a given time in the form of:
VALUE = "n URL"
where, n is the number of seconds to load the document and URL is the location of the document to load.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh" CONTENT="10 http://www.yahoo.com">
The <TITLE> tag specifies the title of the document it is in. The value that is encapsulated in the title tag is displayed in the title bar of Internet Explorer.
<TITLE>...</TITLE>
None.
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is an HTML document</TITLE>
</HEAD>
The <A>, or anchor tag, specifies a hyperlink, which is used for accessing other documents and resources. Whatever is encapsulated by the anchor tag is either an anchor, which is accessed by other resources, or a link, which accesses other anchors and resources.
<A>...</A>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| HREF | |
Specifies the resource to hyperlink to, this can be in the form or a URL or a filename. |
| NAME | Identifies the anchor or hyperlink | |
| TARGET | Specifies the window or frame in which the resource is loaded. |
<A HREF="http://www.rt66.com/iymalluf">Go To Malluf Consulting
[ccc] Services Homepage</A>
The <ADDRESS> tag renders the text it surrounds in italics to represent an e-mail, postal, or other contact address.
<ADDRESS>...</ADDRESS>
None.
<ADDRESS>123 Main Street<BR>
Anytown, USA
87743-0123 </ADDRESS>
The <B> tag renders the text it encapsulates in bold.
<B>...</B>
None.
The text at the end of this line is in <B>bold</B>.
The <BIG> tag increases the size of the text it encapsulates. The size of this text is slightly larger than normal paragraph text.
<BIG>...</BIG>
None.
We want you to notice <BIG>this text</BIG>.
The <BLOCKQUOTE> tag is used in citing references, or other material. The text that is surrounded by the <BLOCKQUOTE> tags is indented .5 inches to the right.
<BLOCKQUOTE>...</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>This sentence of words is indented - can't you see???</BLOCKQUOTE>
The <BODY> tag specifies the beginning and the end of the Content portion of the document, or of the document that is actually displayed.
<BODY>...</BODY>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| BACKGROUND | Specifies an image that is tiled across the back of the screen. | |
| BGCOLOR | Specifies a background color. This color can be in the form of one of several colors names, or a hexadecimal value in the form of #rrggbb where rr is the hexadecimal value for red on the 0-255 color palette, gg and bb are the hexadecimal value for green and blue on the 0-255 color palette, respectively. The 16 standard colors and their hexadecimal equivalentS are listed in the table at the end of the section. Refer to the last section of this appendix for a full list of supported color names. | |
| BGPROPERTIES | Specifies the properties of the BACKGROUND attribute. The only valid value for BGPROPERTIES now, is fixed, which indicates that the graphic specified by BACKGROUND will not be tiled but rendered as a watermark. | |
| LEFTMARGIN | Specifies the width of the left margin of the page (values are in pixels). | |
| LINK | Specifies the color of an unvisited link in the same manner as BGCOLOR. | |
| TEXT | Specifies the color of the foreground text in the same manner as BGCOLOR. | |
| TOPMARGIN | Specifies the width of the top margin of the page (values are in pixels). | |
| VLINK | Specifies the color of visited links in the same manner as BGCOLOR. |
| Color Name | Hexadecimal Equivalent |
| "Aqua" | "#00FFFF" |
| "Black" | "#FFFFFF" |
| "Blue" | "#0000FF" |
| "Fuchsia" | "#FF00FF" |
| "Gray" | "#808080" |
| "Green" | "#008000" |
| "Lime" | "#00FF00" |
| "Maroon" | "#800000" |
| "Navy" | "#000080" |
| "Olive" | "#808000" |
| "Purple" | "#800080" |
| "Red" | "#FF0000" |
| "Silver" | "#C0C0C0" |
| "Teal" | "#808000" |
| "White" | "#FFFFFF" |
| "Yellow" | "#FFFF00" |
<BODY>
<H1>This</H1>
<B>This</B><BR>
<P>And this are in the body</P>
</BODY>
The <BR> tag inserts line breaks in HTML. Normally, there are no line breaks in HTML; text continues to flow until it reaches the end of the browser, then a line break occurs.
<BR>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| CLEAR | Causes all the text following the <BR> to be aligned with the margin specified by the CLEAR attribute. For instance, if there were a left aligned image tag, and a <BR> tag following some text had the attribute: CLEAR="left", then the text would be left aligned with the left-hand margin right below the image. The "right" value does the for the right side. The "all" value causes the text following the <BR> tag to be placed past all floating images. |
This line has no breaks in it
This <BR> line does <BR> have brea<BR>ks.<BR>
<IMG SRC="test.gif" ALIGN="left">Some text is here
<BR CLEAR="left"> and some text is just below the image, on the left side.
The <CENTER> tag centers any text, pictures, or other entities it surrounds.
<CENTER>...</CENTER>
None.
This text is left aligned.
<CENTER>This text is centered</CENTER>
The <CITE> tag renders text in italics and also has the same purpose as the <BLOCKQUOTE> tag: to cite references, or other material.
<CITE>...</CITE>
None.
<CITE>"He didn't do it"</CITE> the reporter said.
This section covers client-side image maps and how to implement them. Currently, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator support client-side image maps. The USEMAP attribute of the image tag accesses client side image maps. The USEMAP attribute indicates which map it should bind to (or in essence, which map it should use). The map contains coordinate-defined areas (polygons, circles, rectangles), which outline hotspots. When the user clicks a hotspot in the image, the coordinates are compared to the area regions specified by the map and the appropriate action specified by the HREF attribute is made.
<MAP>
<AREA>
...
</MAP>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| NAME | |
Gives the map a name, which is referenced by the USEMAP attribute of the <IMG> tag. |
The <AREA> tag is used to specify the various hotspots on an image. The <AREA> tag is encapsulated inside the <MAP> tag and is the only tag allowed in the <MAP> tag. The table below lists the attributes of the <MAP> tag.
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| COORDS | |
Specifies the coordinates of a hotspot area specified by the SHAPE attribute. The coordinates are specified in (x,y) pairs until the coordinates cover an area. For example, a polygon would have the value: COORDS="x1,y1,x2,y2,..." and so on. |
| HREF | |
Indicates where the user will go (in the form of a URL) if they click in a region that is specified by the corresponding COORDS attribute. |
| NOHREF | |
Indicates that if the user clicks in a region specified by the corresponding COORD tag, then no action will occur. This attribute is required if the HREF attribute is not used. |
| SHAPE | |
Specifies the shape of the hotspot region. The valid values are: circle,
rectangle, and polygon. With a circle you must specify the center point
of the circle (x,y), then the radius of the circle, in that order. (COORDS="center.x,center.y,radius")
With a rectangle, you must specify the coordinates of two adjacent endpoints
of the rectangle
(COORDS="x1,y1,adjacent.x2,adjacent.y2"). With a polygon, you specify multiple sets of (x,y) coordinates that do not overlap (COORDS="x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,..."). |
The values "polygon", "circle," and "rectangle" can be shortened to "poly", "circ", and "rect", respectively, for the SHAPE attribute of the AREA tag.
See Listing B.3 in the Frames section for an example.
The <CODE> tag renders its encapsulated text in a fixed-width font, similar to that of a code listing.
<CODE>...</CODE>
None.
<H2>The code for a simple C program</H2>
<CODE>
#include<stdio.h> <BR>
main() <BR>
{<BR>
printf("This is a test");<BR>
}<BR></CODE>
The <DFN> Tag
The <DFN> tag is one of the many tags that renders text in italics.
<DFN>...</DFN>
None.
This is an example of the <DFN><DFN></DFN> tag.
The <EM> tag, is used to emphasize a particular group of words it surrounds. The text it surrounds is in italics. The only difference between the <EM> tag and other italic rendering tags is that <EM> is used in a logical sense.
<EM>...</EM>
None.
You <EM>must</EM> turn on the computer to get anything done.
The <FONT> tag is used for changing the size, color, and face of the text it surrounds.
<FONT>...</FONT>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| COLOR | Specifies the new color of the text. The color is specified by one of several color names (noted in the <BODY> tag section) or by a hexadecimal value, in the form of #RRGGBB (where RR, GG, and BB is a hexadecimal number from 0 to FF (255) in red, green and blue respectively. | |
| FACE | Specifies the new font for the text being encapsulated. Whether the font is shown or not, depends on whether it is available on the user's system. Some common fonts are listed in the following table. Also, you can specify multiple font names in case the user does not have the first specified font (in other words, if FACE="Times, Arial, Bahamas", the Times font will be used, if it's not available, the Arial font will be used and so on.) There is technically no limit to the number of alternate fonts one can specify. | |
| SIZE | Specifies the size of the text surrounded. This can be a size relative to the base size (1 by default) or a new size (from 1û7). A relative size to the default size (3), or to the default size specified by <BASEFONT>, can also be used (such as, SIZE="+2" means two sizes larger than the default size or "5" and SIZE="-1" is one size smaller than the default size of "2".) |
Common Font Names
The listed fonts only work on a user's system if they are available (if the font is installed). The listed fonts are fonts that are most likely to be on a user's Windows operating system.
The following text is the largest size:<BR>
<FONT SIZE="7">The Largest Size</FONT><BR>
The following text is one size bigger that the current text<BR>
<FONT SIZE="+1">One Size Bigger</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="blue" FACE="Arial">
This text is one size larger than the normal text,
blue and is rendered in the Arial FONT </FONT>
This section is devoted to forms and how to implement them. Forms are an important tool for Visual Basic Script and they can provide more interactive Web pages. The syntax expressed in the next section is the syntax for forms in general and all the form controls or elements are encapsulated inside the form.
<FORM>...</FORM>
The following are attributes that forms use to specify how and where to send its data:
| Attribute | Purpose |
| ACTION | Specifies the URL of where the data should be submitted when the user submits the form. The URL is usually a CGI (common gateway interface) program, which processes the data. |
| METHOD | Specifies how the data should be submitted. There are two valid values for METHOD. These include: "get", and "post". The Get METHOD should be used when most of the data the user submits is not going to be permanently stored (as in a search). The Post METHOD is used when all the data the user submits is intended to be kept (as in a guestbook). Also, when the Get METHOD is used, all the data in the form is appended to the URL. When the Post METHOD is used, all the data is sent via a set of variables and arrays, called the HTTP post transaction. |
When using just Visual Basic Script with forms (the form is not going to be further processed), the previous attributes are unneeded. Internet Explorer 3.0 also allows for form controls (<INPUT> and <SELECT> tags) to be used without specifying a parent form.
There are two actual tags for specifying all the form controls. These tags are the <INPUT> tag, and the <SELECT> tag. The <INPUT> tag specifies most of the form's controls, while the <SELECT> tag is used for providing list boxes and drop-down lists.
The <INPUT> tag is a single tag used for specifying various form controls including the: button, text, radio, and checkbox controls. The table in this section specifies all the attributes of the <INPUT> tag and the controls you can specify.
Syntax
<INPUT>
Attributes
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the image (used with the image control). Valid values are middle, bottom, and top. | |
| CHECKED | Indicates whether a checkbox or a radio button is selected or checked (used with radio buttons and checkboxes). CHECKED is a valueless attribute and its presence inside the checkbox, or radio input tag indicates that the button is selected. | |
| MAXLENGTH | Specifies the maximum amount of characters that can be entered into a text control. | |
| NAME | Identifies the form control. | |
| SIZE | Specifies the size of the control (text box or text area). For a text box, the width in characters is given SIZE="width". For a text-area, the width and the height are specified with the characters, SIZE="width,height". | |
| SRC | Used with the image control to specify the location of the image (either by URL or filename). | |
| TYPE | Specifies the type of form control. See the next table for the types of form controls available and how to implement them. | |
| VALUE | Gives a default value for the form control. For buttons, this gives the button a name. |
| TYPE (control) Value | Function |
| "button" | Makes a clickable button control that has no special function (see the "submit" and "reset" values.) |
| "checkbox" | Indicates a square box that can be checked on and off. A group of checkboxes with related data should be given the same name. The default submitted value, if none is specified, is "on." Values are submitted only if the checkboxes are checked. |
| "hidden" | Indicates a hidden input control (the control is not seen by the user and is commonly used for values that the user does not need to see). |
| "image" | Specifies a clickable image in the form which submits the coordinates of the user's click in the form of image-name.x and image-name.y. Image-name is the name of the image assigned by the NAME attribute and the appended .x and .y values are the x and y coordinates respectively where the origin (where x and y both equal zero) is at the top left-hand corner of the image. |
| "password" | Specifies a text box in which all the input is hidden by *'s. |
| "radio" | Specifies a radio button that remains selected when clicked. If several radio buttons are given the same name, only one of the collection remains selected when clicked. |
| "reset" | Specifies a button that resets the entire form when clicked. |
| "submit" | Specifies a button that submits the form to the URL specified by the ACTION attribute of the <FORM> tag. |
| "text" | Specifies a plain text box that can accept text characters and strings. |
| "textarea" | Similar to a text box but it can span several lines and it enables the user to input multiple lines of text. |
The <SELECT> tag is used for specifying drop-down, or list box controls. For items in these controls, the <SELECT> tag uses the <OPTION> tag to specify these items.
Syntax
<SELECT>...</SELECT>
Attributes
| Attribute | Purpose |
| MUTIPLE | Specifies that multiple items can be selected from the drop-down or list box. |
| NAME | Identifies the name of the drop-down or list box. |
| SIZE | Specifies how many entries of the <SELECT> tag should be displayed. As a rule of thumb, the SIZE determines whether the <SELECT> tag is a drop-down, or list box. If the SIZE="1" (by default it does) then the <SELECT> tag becomes a drop down box. If the value for SIZE is any other positive number, then the <SELECT> tag becomes a list box displaying (vertically) the items in the box. If there are more items in the list box than those displayed, then the box becomes scrollable. |
The <OPTION> Tag
The <OPTION> tag is what specifies the entries, or list items in the <SELECT> tag. The general syntax for the option tag is: <OPTION>. All the words that follow the option tag become the text that is displayed on screen. The following table specifies the attributes of the <OPTION> tag.
| Attribute | Purpose |
| SELECTED | Is a valueless attribute. Its purpose is to set one of the options as selected (the item is highlighted). If no SELECT attribute exists in any of the option tags, then the first attribute is selected by default. |
| VALUE | Gives a value to the option tag. This value is submitted with the form if the option is selected. |
The code in Listing B.1 can also be referenced off the accompanying CD.
Listing B.1 FORMD1.HTMùA Demonstration of all the Form Controls
Frames provide an efficient, convenient, and sharp way of presenting information in HTML documents. There are two frame systems: a collection of frames in a frameset, which replace normal HTML pages, and floating frames, which exist in normal HTML documents.
Frame sets are used to replace normal HTML documents. With a frame set, a collection of frames that display different documents are displayed the browser screen. The <FRAMESET> tag is used to initiate and end the frame collection. The only tags that are allowed to be encapsulated in the <FRAMESET> tag is the <FRAME> tag and other <FRAMESET> tags. The <FRAME> tag specifies the properties for each individual frame.
<FRAMESET>
<FRAME>
...
</FRAMESET>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose | |
| COLS | |
Specifies the number of columns in a frame set and their width, separated by commas. The column's length can specified either by pixels, a relative size, or as a percentage of a screen. For example, COLS="200,20%,*" specifies three columns. The first is 200 pixels wide, the second takes 20 percent of the leftover space on the screen, and the last takes the rest of the screen. | |
| FRAMEBORDER | Indicates whether a border for the frames should be present or not. Valid values for this attribute are Yes (specifying that a border is present), and No (specifying no border). The default value, if none is used is Yes. | ||
| FRAMESPACING | Specifies the length between each of the frames. This length also specifies the uniform length of the border (if one is present) | ||
| ROWS | |
Specifies the number of rows in a frame set and their height, separated by commas. The row's height can be specified in the same manner as columns (in pixels, screen percentage or a relative size). For example, ROWS="*,2*", specifies two rows. The first row is half the size of the second row, or takes 1/3 of the available space while, the second takes 2/3 of the space. | |
Either the attribute COLS or ROWS is specified when defining a frame set, but not both. Frame sets can be nested; which means one <FRAMESET>...</FRAMESET> can exist in another. The nested <FRAMESET> element can be defined differently as well (if the first was defined by COLS the second could be defined by COLS or ROWS making dynamic, richer looking pages (see the example section).
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| FRAMEBORDER | Indicates whether a border for the individual frame is present, or not. This attribute is identical to the attribute in the <FRAMESET> attribute table. | |
| MARGINHEIGHT | Specifies the margin height of the frame in pixels. | |
| MARGINWIDTH | Specifies the margin width of the frame in pixels. | |
| NAME | Identifies the frame so it can be accessed by other elements in HTML. | |
| NORESIZE | An attribute without a specified value, that indicates that the frame will not be resizable by the user. | |
| SCROLLING | Specifies whether the frames should be scrollable, or not (a scroll bar is on the right and bottom sides if the item is scrollable). | |
| SRC | |
Specifies the URL the frame should load and display. |
The TARGET attribute is the attribute that other HTML entities use to display their content (or hyper-references) in different frames on the page. If a frame is named, frame1, then the TARGET attribute would access that frame by TARGET="frame1". The TARGET attribute works for the tags listed in the following table.
| Tag | TARGET's Function |
| <A> | When the TARGET attribute is specified in an <A> tag, the link in the <A> tag is loaded in the specified window. If the <A> tag is in a frame and no TARGET is specified, the page is just loaded into the frame the link resides in. |
| <AREA> | When image's area, specified by the area tag, is clicked, the URL is loaded into the window specified. If no window is specified, the URL is loaded into the frame with the image map that requested it. |
| <BASE> | When the TARGET attribute is specified in the <BASE> tag, all the links on a page are directed to the frame specified by the TARGET attribute. This is a quick and short way of directing all the links on a page to a specified frame instead of having to add the TARGET attribute to each one. If a tag does contain a different TARGET attribute, however, then the frame that the TARGET attribute references will receive that data. |
| <FORM> | When the TARGET attribute is in the <FORM> tag, the results returned by submitting the form will be sent to the frame specified by TARGET. |
There are also special reserved names that can be used by the TARGET attribute to reference different frames on the screen. The following table shows the reserved names that can be used with the TARGET attribute.
| Special Value | Function |
| "blank" | This value for the TARGET attribute specifies that the content requested by the tag, which contains the TARGET attribute, be loaded in a new window (new browser). |
| "parent" | This value indicates that the content, referenced by the element containing the TARGET attribute, is to be loaded into the frame's parent window. |
| "self" | This value indicates that the content should be loaded into its own window. |
| "top" | This value indicates that the content should be loaded into the topmost frame. The "_top" value is not functioning properly in the beta 1 version of Internet Explorer 3.0 |
If a name specified by the target attribute does not exist, or is not on of the special names, a new browser with the URL specified by the tag with the TARGET attribute is loaded.
The examples in Listings B.2 through B.6 demonstrate how frames are used, these files can also be found on the accompanying CD under their respective name. All these files should be in the same directory to work properly.
Listing B.2 QAB.HTMùThe Main Frames Page
Listing B.3 MENU.HTMùThe Main Menu-Navigation Bar
Listing B.4 DEFAULT1.HTMùThe Default Screen for the "left1" Frame
Listing B.5 DEFAULT2.HTMùDefault for the "right1" Frame
Listing B.6 DEFAULT3.HTMùThe Default Screen 3, When the User Clicks Item 3 in the Navigation Bar
The <Hn> tags are tags that specify headings for an HTML page, where n is a number between 1 and 7 (7 being the smallest).
<H1>...</H1>
<H2>...</H2>
<H3>...</H3>
<H4>...</H4>
<H5>...</H5>
<H6>...</H6>
<H7>...</H7>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the Header. ALIGN can have the values, "left", "right", and "center". |
<H1 ALIGN="center">Outline</H1>
<H2>Introduction</H2>
<H3>Purpose</H3>
<H3>Doscussion</H3>
<H2>Methods</H2>
<H3>Resourse</H3>
<H3>Procedure</H3>
<H2>Results</H2>
<H2>Conclusions</H2>
The <HR> tag is used to specify a horizontal rule, or divider across the page.
<HR>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the horizontal rule. The value for ALIGN can be either "right", "left", or "center". The horizontal rule is centered by default. | |
| COLOR | Specifies the color of the horizontal line. The color can be one of several supported color names, or a hexadecimal value. Refer to the <BODY> section of this appendix for more information on colors and color names. | |
| NOSHADE | Specifies that the rule does not have any shading (or 3-D look). This attribute does not have a value. | |
| SIZE | Specifies the height of the horizontal rule. The value for this attribute is in pixels. | |
| WIDTH | Specifies the length of the horizontal rule. The value for WIDTH can either be in pixels, or a percentage of the screen (for example, SIZE="50%" would be 50 percent of the screen.) |
<HR WIDTH="20%" COLOR="red" NOSHADE>
<HR>
<HR SIZE="25" COLOR="LIME">
The <I> tag renders text in italics and functions the same as the <DFN>, <EM> and other tags.
<I>...</I>
None.
<I>This text is in Italics</I><BR>
<EM>So is this.</EM>
The <IMG> tag allows the insertion of graphics images, animations, and animated GIF images.
<IMG>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of text relative to the image or vice versa, depending on the value. The values "bottom", "middle", or "top" specify the alignment of text respective to the name of the value. The values right or left specify the alignment of the image on the page. The latter two values also permit text to flow around the image. | |
| ALT | Specifies an alternative text to display if the user chooses not to display graphics. Also, the string contained as a value in the ALT attribute is what gets displayed when a user points at a picture. | |
| BORDER | Draws a uniform border around the image. The values for the BORDER are measured in pixels. | |
| CONTROLS | Is a valueless attribute. This attribute can be used when an animation (.AVI) file is displayed. When the CONTROLS attribute is used, a set of video controls is displayed under the animation. | |
| DYNSRC | |
Used to display an animation on-screen usually with the .AVI extension. The value for this attribute can be the name of a file, or a URL of a file. |
| HEIGHT | Specifies the height of the image in pixels. If the height specified is not the original height of the image, then Internet Explorer scales the image to the specified height. | |
| HSPACE | Specifies the horizontal spacing, or offset of the image on its right ad left sides. | |
| ISMAP | Specifies that the image is a clickable imagemap. It sends the coordinates the user clicks to the server where the program is specified that handles these coordinates, | |
| LOOP | Specifies how many times the animation should loop. The values for this attribute can be a number or infinite, meaning a continuous loop. | |
| SRC | |
Specifies the name of the image to be displayed. Several formats are supported by explorer. Some are .BMP, .GIF, and .JPG also proposed is the .PNG format. The specified location can either be a filename, or a URL pointing to a file. |
| START | Specifies when the animation should start after the image is loaded. The values for this attribute are fileopen, or mouseover. Fileopen indicates that the animation should start playing when the animation is done loading. Mouseover indicates that the image will start playing when the user points the mouse at the animation. Both attributes can be used together. | |
| USEMAP | Specifies the location (name) of a client-side imagemap to use with the image. The image map is usually in the same document and is called by the value "#name" where name is the name of the image map (see the client side image map section for more information.) | |
| VSPACE | Specifies, in pixels, the top and bottom offset space of the image. This similar to the HSPACE attribute except it specifies widths for the top and the bottom of the image. | |
| WIDTH | Specifies the width, in pixels, of the image. If the width specified is not the original size of the image, then it is scaled to the size specified. |
Either the DYNSRC, or the SRC attribute is required but not both. However, both can be used simultaneously.
<P>The following displays a normal image:</P><BR>
<IMG SRC="test.gif" SIZE="100" HEIGHT="100"><BR>
<P>The following image is the same image but half the size:</P>
<IMG SRC="test.gif" SIZE="50" HEIGHT="50"><BR>
<P>Text is flowed around <IMG SRC="hi.gif" ALIGN="left">
this image if you get what I am saying</P>
<BR><P>This is an animation with controls that will
start when it is finished downloading and will start
afterwards when you move the mouse over it:</P><BR>
<IMG DYNSRC="ball.avi" START="fileopen,mouseover">
The <ISINDEX> tag is used to create a simple input box, which serves the purpose of being a search engine powered by some program.
<ISINDEX>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ACTION | Specifies the location of the program used to process the information entered into ISINDEX box. | |
| PROMPT | Specifies what the prompt name should be given to the <ISINDEX> input box. If no name is specified, then the prompt "You can search this index. Type the keyword(s)you want to search for:" appears by default. |
<ISINDEX ACTION="http://www.place.com/cgi-bin/myengine.cgi"
PROMPT="Enter Words to search for:">
The <KBD> tag is used to logically represent what one would type on a keyboard (instructional). Text encapsulated by this tag is rendered in a fixed-width font and is in bold.
<KBD>...</KBD>
None.
You type the words: <KBD>cd ..</KBD> then enter.
The <LISTING> tag is used to render text in a small, fixed-width font that resembles a code listing. No tags are recognized within the context of the <LISTING> tag and line breaks are natural (no special tags are required to insert line breaks).
<LISTING>...</LISTING>
None.
An example FORTRAN 77 program:
<LISTING>
program test
print*,'This is a texs'
end
</LISTING>
Definition lists are used to define a list of terms. There are three parts to a definition list. These are shown in the following syntax. The <DT> tag is used to specify the terms in the definition list, and the <DD> tag is the Definition Data or the defining of the term specified by <DT>. The definition terms are put on one line and the definition is on the next line, slightly indented.
<DL>
<DT>...</DT><DD>...</DD>
...
</DL>
None.
Although the </DT> and the </DD> tags are not required for encapsulating their respective text, it is a good idea to include them for clarity and to avoid confusion.
The <DIR> tag is used to specify a directory of items. Each entry is displayed in a single column. The <LI> tag is used for specifying the entries in the directory list.
<DIR>
<LI>...</LI>
...
</DIR>
None.
The menu lists create lists similar to the <DIR> lists except there is no limit on characters. The <LI> tag is used to indicate the individual entries inside the <MENU> tag. Technically, there is no difference between <MENU> and <DIR> lists.
<MENU>
<LI>...</LI>
...
</MENU>
None.
Ordered lists are lists whose entries are preceded with numbers, letters, or Roman Numerals whose list number (or what have you) increases when subsequent entries are specified. The <LI> tag is used to specify each of the entries in the ordered list.
<OL>
<LI>...</LI>
...
</OL>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| START | Specifies a start number where the list should start. If the type of list is not a number, then the list starts out with the nth item in order (where n is the start value specified). For example, if the number type was a roman numeral, and START="3", the value that would be displayed in the list for the first item is III. | |
| TYPE | Specifies what type of numbering system to use. The following table lists the listing types. |
| TYPE Value | Renders As |
| "1" | Renders the list entries as normal Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc) |
| "A" | Renders the list entries as capital letters (if there are more than 26 entries, then the value goes to AA, AB etc. but if the value for START exceeds 702 then the items are rendered as a digit again. |
| "a" | Renders list entries as lowercase letters. The same situation for number limits is the same as uppercase letters. |
| "I" | Renders list entries as uppercase Roman numerals. If the value for uppercase Roman numerals exceeds 3999 (MMMCXCIX) then the style resumes as digits. |
| "i" | Renders list entries aslowercase Roman numerals. The same situation for number limits is the same as uppercase Roman numerals. |
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| TYPE | Specifies which type of list-number should be used (valid values are in the previous table.) | |
| VALUE | Specifies the starting value of the list item. The value that is initially specified in the list and the value that is set in the <LI> tag are independent. The <LI> tag's value has precedence over the <OL>'s START value. Also, the list proceeds from the value specified by the <LI> tag. |
Unordered lists are lists, preceded by bullets and used when order is of no particular importance. The <LI> tags are used in the <UL> list denote the different entries.
<OL>
<LI>...</LI>
...
</OL>
None.
The <MARQUEE> tag enables the user to create a text marquee that is scrollable across the screen. This is one of the 'elegant' tags of the Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML collection.
<MARQUEE>...</MARQUEE>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the text in the marquee. The value "top" aligns the text of the marquee with the top of the marquee container (where the text of the marquee is. ) The 'bottom" value aligns the marquee with the bottom of the container and the "middle" value aligns the text with the middle. The text is middle aligned by default. | |
| BEHAVIOR | Indicates how the text of the marquee should behave. The value "scroll" (also the default behavior) makes the text repeatedly scroll on and off the screen. The value "slide" causes the text to scroll in on one side and stay. The value "alternate" causes the text to bounce back and forth within the marquee. | |
| BGCOLOR | Specifies the background color of the marquee. The value for BGCOLOR is specified the same way as the BGCOLOR attribute for the <BODY> tag (see the <BODY> tag). | |
| DIRECTION | Specifies the direction the marquee scrolls. Valid values are RIGHT and LEFT. The default value is LEFT (from left to right). | |
| HEIGHT | Specifies the height of the marquee area, in pixels, or a percentage of the screen (such as HEIGHT="500" for pixels or HEIGHT="20%" for percentage. | |
| HSPACE | Indicates the left and right marginal distance, or offset of the marquee. | |
| LOOP | Specifies the number of times the marquee perform whatever action specified by behavior. Valid values are numbers specifying how many times the marquee should loop, or the word "infinite" specifying that their is no end to the looping. | |
| SCROLLAMOUNT | Specifies the number of pixels between each successive draw of marquee text. Values are in pixels. | |
| SCROLLDELAY | Specifies the time of each successive draw of the marquee text in milliseconds. | |
| VSPACE | Specifies the top and bottom marginal distance or offset of the marquees area. Values are in pixels. | |
| WIDTH | Specifies the width of the marquee, in pixels, or as a percentage of the screen (similar to height). |
You can make symbol type graphics scroll in a marquee by using a symbol font, such as Wingdings, for the text scrolling in a marquee. For example: <FONT FACE="wingdings"><MARQUEE SCROLL="left">Q</MARQUEE></FONT>.
It is not a good idea too encapsulate tags inside the marquee tag. It's best to nest the marquee in the different rendering tags you use. For instance: <I><MARQUEE>Hi Y'all</MARQUEE></I> is preferable. Some tags cause the marquee not to scroll when they are used. For information about putting graphics and other elegant items in marquees, read about the Active-X Marquee which will be covered in Chapters 2 and 11.
<MARQUEE DIRECTION="right" BEHAVIOR="slide" SCROLLAMOUNT="45"
[ccc] SCROLLDELAY="4" BGCOLOR="blue"><FONT COLOR="white">This text
[ccc] scrolls fast.</MARQUEE>
The <NOBR> is used to force a line to remain together with out breaking (where a break would normally occur).
<NOBR>...</NOBR>
None.
<NOBR> All of this text will remain on one line, regardless of the
[ccc] size of the browser.</NOBR>
For a detailed explanation of Microsoft Internet Explorer's object model, see Chapter 11.
The <P> tag is used to separate paragraphs of text. A line break also occurs between every use of the <P> tag.
<P>...</P>
or just
<P>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the paragraph text. Valid values are "right", or "left". |
<P ALIGN="left"> This text is left aligned</P>
<P ALIGN="right"> This test is right aligned </P>
The <PLAINTEXT> tag renders text similar to the <LISTING> and <XMP> tags. All the text that is surrounded by the <PLAINTEXT> tag is rendered in a fixed-width font and no tags are recognized inside the <PLAINTEXT> tag.
<PLAINTEXT>...</PLAINTEXT>
None.
<PLAINTEXT> This is plain text</PLAINTEXT>
The <PRE> tag renders the text it surrounds in a fixed-width font. Additionally, natural line breaks are allowed and some tags (such as the <A> tag) are allowed to be used within the <PRE> tag.
<PRE>...</PRE>
None.
<PRE>
This is line one
.
.
.
This is line #x
This is line #<A HREF="three.html">x + 1</A>
</PRE>
The <S> tag renders the text it surrounds in a strike-out style, in which a line is run through the middle of the encapsulated text.
<S>...</S>
None.
<S>not needed</S>
The <SAMP> tag is used to make the text it surrounds look like a code listing.
<SAMP>...</SAMP>
None.
<SAMP>print "A test"</SAMP>
The <SCRIPT> tag is fully covered in Chapters 2 and 11.
The <SMALL> tag is used to render the text it encapsulates in a size smaller then the normal text.
<SMALL>...</SMALL>
None.
<SMALL>This is the fine print</SMALL>
The <STRIKE> tag does the exact same thing the <S> tag does. See the previous <S> tag entry.
<STRIKE>this works the same as the <S> tag. </STRIKE>
The <STRONG> tag is another tag that renders the text it surrounds in bold. It is used to logically represent a strong emphasis.
<STRONG>...</STRONG>
None.
The victim is <STRONG>her</STRONG>.
The <SUB> tag is used to render the text it encapsulates as a subscript.
<SUB>...</SUB>
None.
The chemical formula for the combustion of octane is:
C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB> + 5O<SUB>2</SUB> = 4H<SUB>2</SUB>O
[ccc] + 3CO<SUB>2</SUB>
The <SUP> tag renders the text it surrounds as a superscript.
<SUP>...</SUP>
None.
x<SUP>y</SUP> = y<SUP>x</SUP> <BR>
for how many values of x and y?
Tables are one of the extensions to HTML that have been around the longest. Although tables are still not a standard, they are quite close and probably will not change in regards to syntax. Tables were first implemented by Netscape Navigator and since then improved upon by Internet Explorer (support for background and frame colors and stricter support for the HTML 3.0 Table Model). There are two different methods for making a table. The first uses basic tags defining rows and columns. The second method uses rows and columns but also treats the table as three parts: the header, the body, and the footer.
This section is an overview of the basic tags and attributes for tables, excluding the additional attributes covered in the new HTML 3 table model. These table extensions and additional tags and attributes will be covered in the next section. The simple table consists of a groups of rows that can contain several cells. The table's content is defined by rows and then by all the cells on that row.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>...</CAPTION>
<TR><TH>...</TH><TD>...</TD>...</TR>
...
</TABLE>
The <TABLE> tag is what specifies the beginning and end of a table. All the information about rows, columns, and other information must be inside the table tags. Below are the attributes for the <TABLE> tag. These attributes can also be used for the <TD>, <TH>, and <TR> (except for the BORDER attribute). These attributes are inheritable, which means that if the attribute is specified in the <TABLE> tag, it is also used by the <TR>, <TD>, and <TH> tags unless they have a different value for that attribute. If the <TR>, <TD>, and <TH> tags have attribute values different from their parent (higher) tags, then that attribute is used instead.
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the text in the table cells. Valid values are "left", "right" and "center". By default, the <TABLE>, <TD>, and <TR> tags have left aligned text and the <TH> tag's text is centered. | |
| BACKGROUND | Specifies a background image to be displayed in the table's cells. Valid values are filenames, or URLS that point to a displayable image. | |
| BGCOLOR | Specifies a background color for the table cells. Valid values are one of several color names or a color defined in hexadecimal (see the <BODY> tag for more information). | |
| BORDERCOLOR | Specifies the border color to be used. When this attribute is used, the table's border and the border between the cells become the specified color and are no longer 3-D. Valid colors are one of the supported color names, or a hexadecimal #rrggbb value (see the <BODY> tag for more details). | |
| BORDERCOLORDARK | Sets the color for the upper right-hand border of a frame. Colors are specified the same way as in BORDERCOLOR. | |
| BORDERCOLORLIGHT | Sets the color for the lower left-hand border of the frame. Colors are specified the same way as in BORDERCOLOR. | |
| VALIGN | Specifies the vertical alignment of a table/cell/cell group. Valid values are "top", and "bottom". The value, "top" aligns the cell text with the topmost portion of the cell and the "bottom" value aligns the cell's text with the bottom most portion of the cell. |
The following table contains attributes which are specific to the <TABLE> tag:
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| BORDER | Specifies the uniform width of the table's outer border in pixels. If this attribute is not present, the value is "0" (no border). If the attribute is present but has no value, the width of the border becomes on pixel. Any other value for the border is in pixels (for example, BORDER="3" sets a border that has a uniform width of 3 pixels). | |
| CELLPADDING | Specifies the amount of uniform margin space (space separating the cell text from its borders) in pixels. | |
| CELLSPACING | Specifies the uniform spacing of the individual cells, in pixels. If there is a border present,the value for this attribute is the uniform size of the border between the cells, and between the cells and the border. | |
| HEIGHT | Specifies the total screen height the table takes up. This value can be in pixels but values using percentages of the screen are more useful (in other words, HEIGHT="88%" would take up 88 percent of a screen lengthwise). | |
| WIDTH | Specifies the total screen width the table should take up. This value can be in pixels but is more useful as a percentage of the screen (such as, WIDTH="90%" would take up 90 percent of the horizontal screen space). |
The caption tag is used to specify a caption for the table. The <CAPTION> tag has only one attribute, ALIGN, used to specify the alignment of the caption text. Valid values are "top", "bottom", "left", and "right". Each value indicates its respective location to the table.
The <TR> tag defines a row group. All the cells in the row group are placed horizontally (side-by-side) on the screen. The tag's cell data, and the cell tags (<TD> and <TH>) go inside the <TR> tag.
The <TD> and <TH> tags are used to specify the cells in a table; they are encapsulated in the <TR> tags. The <TD> is a normal table data cell and is rendered in normal text, by default. The <TH> tag is a table-cell header tag and is rendered in bold and centered, by default. There are several attributes specific to the <TD> and <TH> tags and they are listed in the following table.
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | ALIGN specifies the alignment of the text in the cell. Valid values are "right", "left", and "center". | |
| COLSPAN | COLSPAN specifies the amount of columns a cell should span (for example, COLSPAN="2" would make the cell span over two columns). | |
| HEIGHT | HEIGHT specifies the height of a table's cell in pixels. All cells on the same row will be stretched to the height specified (if there is more than one height attribute on a row, the largest height will be used as the height of all the cells in the same row). | |
| NOWRAP | NOWRAP indicates all the text in the cell should remain on one line (this attribute requires no value). | |
| ROWSPAN | ROWSPAN specifies the number of rows a cell should span (in other words, ROWSPAN="3" would make a cell span over three rows). | |
| VALIGN | VALIGN specifies the vertical alignment of the text in the cell relative to the cell. Valid values are Top (text is aligned with the top of the cell), Bottom (text is aligned with the bottom of the cell), Middle (text is aligned with the middle of the cell), and Baseline (text is aligned with the baseline of the cell, all the text in a row of cells is on a straight line). | |
| WIDTH | WIDTH specifies the width of a table's cell, and incidentally, the width of its entire column (the column stretches to the longest width specified). |
The VALIGN attribute can be used in both the <TR>, <TD>, and <TH> attributes.
This section covers the more in-depth tags of the HTML 3.0 table model covered by Internet Explorer 3.0. These elements include table header, body, and footer elements, as well as attributes for frame and border layout, and control over column groups instead of row groups.
It's possible to design a table with Header/Body/Footer sections in mind. To do this three tags are introduced: <THEAD>, <TBODY>, and <TFOOT>. These improve upon the simple table model. All the original cell and row tags can be encapsulated in the <THEAD>, <TFOOT>, and <TBODY> tags. There are also two new attributes introduced to the <TABLE> tag: FRAME, and RULING. These will be discussed in the attributes section.
<TABLE>
<THEAD>...</THEAD>
<TBODY>...</TBODY>
<TFOOT>...</TFOOT>
</TABLE>
Using this method, if no sections (header, body , footer) are specified, just a table body exists. However, if <THEAD> or <TFOOT> are used to define their respective sections, then <TBODY> must be included.
The FRAME attribute for the <TABLE> specifies which sides of the border (if any) are to be rendered. The following table shows all the valid values for specifying which border frames to render.
| FRAME Value | Function |
| "void" | No outside borders of the table are displayed if this value is used |
| "above" | Only the top side of the border is rendered |
| "below" | Only the bottom side of the border is rendered |
| "hsides" | Only the left and right sides of the frame are rendered |
| "lhs" | Only the left side of the border is displayed |
| "rhs" | Only the right hand of the table's border is displayed |
| "vsides" | Only the top and bottom borders are displayed |
| "box" | All four sides of the frame are displayed |
| "border" | The same as "box" |
The RULES attribute for the <TABLE> tag specifies which interior borders (borders between cells and the major sections of the table) should be rendered. The table below shows all the valid values for designating which interior rulings to render.
| RULES Value | Function |
| "all" | All interior rules are displayed. |
| "groups" | Interior rules are placed between each row group and each column group. The three row groups are specified by the <THEAD>, <TBODY>, and <TFOOT> tags (see the next section for column groups). |
| "none" | No interior rules are drawn. |
| "cols" | This functions similarly to the "groups" value except vertical rules are drawn for all columns. |
| "rows" | This functions similarly to the "rows" value except horizontal rules are drawn between every row. |
The <TBODY>-<THEAD>-<TFOOT> style must be used for RULES and FRAMES to work.
In addition to having properties for groups of rows in tables, you can also have column groups in tables that can change the alignment and size of groups of columns. The <COLGROUP> tag is used to encapsulate a collection of column groups which are indicated by <COL>.
Syntax
<TABLE>
<COLGROUP>
<COL>
...
</COLGROUP>
...
<THEAD>...</THEAD>
...
</TABLE>
The <COLGROUP> can be used to set alignments on column groups, or the <COL> tag, according to the attributes listed below. The <COL> tags have inheritance and override the attributes specified by its parent <COLGROUP> tag. The <COL> tag inside the <COLGROUP> tag is not required, because the spanning for a column group can be specified in the <COLGROUP> tag; the <COL> tag is used for control of individual column groups, for alignment, and width. Both the <COLGROUP> and the <COL> tags support the attributes in the following table.
Attributes for <COLGROUP> and <COLS>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| ALIGN | Specifies the alignment of the text in a column group. Valid values are "left" aligned, "right" aligned, and "center" aligned. | |
| SPAN | Indicates how may columns the <COLGROUP> or <COL> spans. For instance, if SPAN="2" then the column group consists of two columns. | |
| WIDTH | Specifies the width of the column group (this attribute is apparently not implemented in the beta 1 version of Internet Explorer 3.0). |
<COL> tags and <COLGROUP> tags are cumulative. For example, if a column group had a column span of 2 (<COLGROUP SPAN="2">) and another column group had two <COL> elements with a span of 1 (<COLGROUP><COL SPAN=1><COL SPAN=1></COLGROUP>), then four columns have been used already. If a column group has a SPAN value and it also contains <COL> elements with a SPAN value, then the SPAN values for the <COL> tag are used and the value for the <COLGROUP> is ignored.
Listing B.7 invokes both the methods of simple tables and tables with column groups, frames and rules. This example can be found on the accompanying CD.
Listing B.7 TABLESTF1.HTMùThis is an Example of Two Tables
The <TT> tag renders encapsulated text in a typewriter type font.
<TT>...</TT>
None.
<TT>Demonstration of the <TT> tag.</TT>
The <U> tag is used to underline the text it encapsulates.
<U>...</U>
None.
<U>This is not a link</U>
The <VAR> tag is used to surround text that logically represents a variable. The text rendered is in italics.
<VAR>...</VAR>
None.
The <WBR> tag is used to insert a soft word break inside a <NOBR> tag.
<WBR>
None.
<NOBR> This line will not break. Except, <WBR> here.</NOBR>
The <XMP> tag is used to render text in a fixed-width font. This tag is similar to the <LISTING> tag.
The <XMP>, <LISTING>, and <PLAINTEXT> tags are considered legacy tags and probably will not be included in future versions of the HTML draft or in Internet Explorer 3.0.
<XMP>...</XMP>
None.
<XMP>
This is MyPoem()
first line here;
second line here;
third line here;
End MyPooem
</XMP>
The <BASE> tag is used to specify the base URL of the document in which the tag resides. This mechanism is especially useful when the file that contains the <BASE> tag is taken out of context.
<BASE>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| HREF | |
Specifies the URL of the document in which the <BASE> tag resides. The full URL is used. |
A file called welcome.html located at www.nm.org would have the following base tag:
<BASE HREF="http://www.nm.org/welcome.html">
The <BASEFONT> tag is used to specify the base, or normal, size of the text that is normally used on the screen.
<BASEFONT>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| COLOR | Specifies the new color of the text. The color is specified by one of several color names (noted in the <BODY> tag section), or by a hexadecimal value in the form of #RRGGBB (where RR, GG, and BB is a hexadecimal number from 0 to FF (255) in red, green and blue respectively). | |
| FACE | Specifies the new font for the text being encapsulated. Whether the font is shown or not, depends on whether it is available on the user's system. Some common fonts are listed in the next table. You can specify multiple font names in case the user does not have the first specified font (for example, if FACE="Times, Arial, Bahamas" the Times font will be used, if it's not available, the Arial font can be used, and so on). There is technically no limit to the number of alternative fonts you can specify. | |
| SIZE | Specifies the size of the text surrounded. This can be a size relative to the base size (1 by default) or a new size (from 1û7). A relative size to the default size (3) can also be used (in other words, SIZE="+2" means two sizes larger than the default size or "5" and SIZE="-1" is one size smaller than the default size of "2"). |
This size specified by the following <BASEFONT> is size 4.
<BASEFONT SIZE="4" FACE="Sans">
The size specified by <BASEFONT> below is also 4 but with a relative size.
<BASEFONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="pink">
The <BGSOUND> tag is used to specify a background sound, or soundtrack, that will play when the page is loaded.
<BGSOUND>
| Attribute | Required | Purpose |
| SRC | |
Specifies the source of the sound in the form of a URL, or a file. |
<BGSOUND SRC="tada.wav">
The <COMMENT> tag is used to insert remarks, which are not displayed, into an HTML document. Any text that is surrounded by the <COMMENT> tag is not displayed on the screen. The <COMMENT> can also take the one-tag form of: <!--...- ->.
<COMMENT>...</COMMENT>
or
<!-- ... - ->
None.
<COMMENT>Version: 3</COMMENT>
<!-- This is version 3 - ->
The <HTML> tag is used to specify the beginning and end of an HTML document. Everything that is related to HTML (including the <HEAD> and <BODY> should fall in the <HTML> tags).
<HTML>...</HTML>
None.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is a test</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="C0C0C0">
<H1> This is a test</H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>
This section defines some general HTML terms and some Internet terminology that can help you read this appendix.
This section covers all the colors supported in Internet Explorer 3.0 and their corresponding hexadecimal value in the form of #RRGGBB. RR is the color intensity of red of the color (a hexadecimal number from 0-FF), GG is the color intensity of green of the color (a hexadecimal number from 0-FF), and BB is the blue color intensity of the color (a hexadecimal number from 0-FF).
| Color Name | Hexadecimal Value |
| "aliceblue" | "#F0F8FF" |
| "antiquewhite" | "#FAEBD7" |
| "aqua" | "#00FFFF" |
| "aquamarine" | "#7FFFD4" |
| "azure" | "#F0FFFF" |
| "beige" | "#F5F5DC" |
| "brisque" | "#FFE4C4" |
| "black" | "#000000" |
| "blanchedalmond" | "#FFEBCD" |
| "blue" | "#0000FF" |
| "blueviolet" | "#8A2BE2" |
| "brown" | "#A52A2A" |
| "burlywood" | "#DEB887" |
| "cadetblue" | "#5F9EA0" |
| "chartreuse" | "#007FFF" |
| "chocolate" | "#D2691E" |
| "coral" | "#FF7F50" |
| "cornflowerblue" | "#6495ED" |
| "cornsilk" | "#FFF8DC" |
| "crimson" | "#DC143C" |
| "cyan" | "#00FFFF" |
| "darkblue" | "#00008B" |
| "darkcyan" | "#008B8B" |
| "darkgoldenrod" | "#B8860B" |
| "darkgray" | "#A9A9A9" |
| "darkgreen" | "#006400" |
| "darkkahki" | "#BDB76B" |
| "darkmagenta" | "#8B008B" |
| "darkolivegreen" | "#556B2F" |
| "darkorange" | "#FF8C00" |
| "darkorchid" | "#9932CC" |
| "darkred" | "#8B0000" |
| "darksalmon" | "#E9967A" |
| "darkseagreen" | "#8FBC8F" |
| "darkslateblue" | "#483D8B" |
| "darkslategray" | "#2F4F4F" |
| "darkturquoise" | "#00CED1" |
| "darkviolet" | "#9400D3" |
| "deeppink" | "#FF1493" |
| "deepskyblue" | "#00BFFF" |
| "dimgray" | "#696969" |
| "dodgerblue" | "#1E90FF" |
| "floralwhite" | "#FFFAF0" |
| "forestgreen" | "#228B22" |
| "fuchsia" | "#FFFF00" |
| "gainsboro" | "#DCDCDC" |
| "ghostwhite" | "#F8F8FF" |
| "gold" | "#FFD700" |
| "goldenrod" | "#DAA520" |
| "gray" | "#808080" |
| "green" | "#008000" |
| "greenyellow" | "#ADFF2F" |
| "honeydew" | "#F0FFF0" |
| "hotpink" | "#FF69B4" |
| "indianred" | "#CD5C5C" |
| "indigo" | "#4B0082" |
| "ivory" | "#FFFFF0" |
| "khaki" | "#F0E68C" |
| "lavender" | "#E6E6FA" |
| "lavenderblush" | "#FFF0F5" |
| "lawngreen" | "#7CFC00" |
| "lemonchiffon" | "#FFFACD" |
| "lightblue" | "#ADD8E6" |
| "lightcoral" | "#F08080" |
| "lightcyan" | "#E0FFFF" |
| "lightgoldenrodyellow" | "#FAFAD2" |
| "lightgreen" | "#90EE90" |
| "lightgrey" | "#D3D3D3" |
| "lightpink" | "#FFB6C1" |
| "lightsalmon" | "#FFA07A" |
| "lightseagreen" | "#20B2AA" |
| "lightskyblue" | "#87CEFA" |
| "lightslategray" | "#778899" |
| "lightsteelblue" | "#B0C4DE" |
| "lightyellow" | "#FFFFE0" |
| "lime" | "#0000FF" |
| "limegreen" | "#32CD32" |
| "linen" | "#FAF0E6" |
| "magenta" | "#FF00FF" |
| "maroon" | "#800000" |
| "mediuaquamarine" | "#66CDAA" |
| "mediumblue" | "#0000CD" |
| "mediumorchid" | "#BA55D3" |
| "mediumpurple" | "#9370DB" |
| "mediumseagreen" | "#3CB371" |
| "mediumslateblue" | "#7B68EE" |
| "mediumspringgreen" | "#00FA9A" |
| "mediumturquoise" | "#48D1CC" |
| "mediumvioletred" | "#C71585" |
| "midnightblue" | "#191970" |
| "mintcream" | "#F5FFFA" |
| "mistyrose" | "#FFE4E1" |
| "moccasin" | "#FFE4B5" |
| "navajowhite" | "#FFDEAD" |
| "navy" | "#000080" |
| "oldlace" | "#FDF5E6" |
| "olive" | "#808000" |
| "olivedrab" | "#6B8E23" |
| "orange" | "#FFA500" |
| "orangered" | "#FF4500" |
| "orchid" | "#DA70D6" |
| "palegoldernrod" | "#EEE8AA" |
| "palegreen" | "#98FB98" |
| "paleturquoise" | "#AFEEEE" |
| "palevioletred" | "#DB7093" |
| "papayawhip" | "#FFEFD5" |
| "peachpuff" | "#FFDAB9" |
| "peru" | "#CD853F" |
| "pink" | "#FFC0CB" |
| "plum" | "#DDA0DD" |
| "powderblue" | "#B0E0E6" |
| "purple" | "#800080" |
| "red" | "#FF0000" |
| "rosybrown" | "#BC8F8F" |
| "royalblue" | "#4169E1" |
| "saddlebrown" | "#8B4513" |
| "salmon" | "#FA8072" |
| "sandybrown" | "#F4A460" |
| "seagreen" | "#2E8B57" |
| "seashell" | "#FFF5EE" |
| "sienna" | "#A0522D" |
| "silver" | "#C0C0C0" |
| "skyblue" | "#87CEEB" |
| "slateblue" | "#6A5ACD" |
| "slategray" | "#708090" |
| "snow" | "#FFFAFA" |
| "springgreen" | "#00FF7F" |
| "steelblue" | "#4682B4" |
| "tan" | "#D2B48C" |
| "teal" | "#008080" |
| "thistle" | "#D8BFD8" |
| "tomato" | "#FF6347" |
| "turquoise" | "#40E0D0" |
| "violet" | "#EE82EE" |
| "wheat" | "#F5DEB3" |
| "white" | "#FFFFFF" |
| "whitesmoke" | "#F5F5F5" |
| "yellow" | "#FFFF00" |
| "yellowgreen" | "#9ACD32" |
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